Enteroviruses

(Coxsackie, hand foot mouth disease)

 Enteroviruses, Coxsackie is a member of the enterovirus family, are responsible for frequent illnesses in children.

 In areas with temperate climate most infections occur during summer and fall.

 Enteroviruses are spread by respiratory and fecal-oral routes. It usually takes 3 to 6 days from contact to the onset of symptoms.

 The most common manifestation is an infection with fever. Hand foot mouth disease, caused by Coxsackie virus, is manifested with sore throat, fever, painful sores inside the mouth and rash on the soles and palms. They can also cause respiratory symptoms such as common cold, pharyngitis and bronchiolitis. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. As well as other manifestations such as pain in the ribs or muscles and conjunctivitis. Severe manifestations are rare.

 Parents should consult a doctor if the child is not getting enough fluids, if the fever lasts more than three days, if the symptoms are severe or if the child has a chronic health problem.

 Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and reported symptoms. Specific diagnostic workup is rarely necessary.

 Prevention includes good hand washing and avoiding contact with other children until symptoms resolve.

 No specific therapy exists (antibiotics do not contribute to the cure). Simple pain relief drugs (e.g. paracetamol, ibuprofen) allow the child to get hydrated. Hot and sour beverages and food should be avoided.